Computer networks transport layer pdf

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The main role of the transport layer is to provide the communication services directly to the application processes running on different hosts. The transport layer provides a logical communication between application processes running on different hosts. Although the application processes on different hosts are not physically connected, application processes use the logical communication provided by the transport layer to send the messages to each other.

The transport layer protocols are implemented in the end systems but not in the network routers. A computer network provides more than one protocol to the network applications.

For example, TCP and UDP are two transport layer protocols that provide a different set of services to the network layer. It also provides other services such as reliable data transfer, bandwidth guarantees, and delay guarantees. The application communicates by using either of these two protocols. The applications can read and write to the transport layer.

Therefore, we can say that communication is a two-way process. Services provided by the Transport Layer The services provided by the transport layer are similar to those of the data link layer. The services provided by the transport layer protocols can be divided into five categories: End-to-end delivery Addressing Reliable delivery Flow control Multiplexing End-to-end delivery: The transport layer transmits the entire message to the destination.

Reliable delivery: The transport layer provides reliability services by retransmitting the lost and damaged packets. In reality, no transmission will be percent error-free delivery. Therefore, transport layer protocols are designed to provide error-free transmission. The data link layer also provides the error handling mechanism, but it ensures only node-to-node error-free delivery. However, node-to-node reliability does not ensure the end-to-end reliability. The data link layer checks for the error between each network.

If an error is introduced inside one of the routers, then this error will not be caught by the data link layer. It only detects those errors that have been introduced between the beginning and end of the link.